中文摘要:

本研究乃針對ADI之高週疲勞性質,探討其與機械性質及微結構的關係,並觀察疲勞破斷面,了解其破壞型態及裂縫起始與成長的路徑。實驗材料共分四批(具不同球墨數、球化率及合金上的差異),分別在最佳韌性與最佳強度、硬度的熱處理條件下(以機械性質測試得知)進行疲勞試棒的沃斯回火熱處理。

實驗結果顯示,ADI之疲勞強度主要受韌性影響,而這與ADI之微結構中,殘留沃斯田鐵量及分佈與肥粒鐵的形態和分佈有關。另外,欲得高疲勞強度所 需球墨數的高低,應視機械性質的要求及合金添加量而定;而球化率高則可得較佳的疲勞強度。再就ADI的疲勞破裂而言,主裂縫多數起始於試棒表面的球墨及球墨分佈稀疏區(具高殘留沃斯田鐵量)或表面附近的大球墨與不規則石墨處,然後沿著球墨相近處、初晶沃斯田鐵晶界及次晶粒晶界成長,再與其它微裂縫相結合,而產生最後的破裂(為延性的破壞型態)。

Abstract
This study discussed the relationships between mechanical properties and microstructure of austempered ductile irons (ADIs), as well as fatigue fractures. The fatigue fractures observed included fracture types, the initiation of crack, and crack growth. F
our types of ductile irons were prepared for developing optimum toughness and optimum strength and hardness via different austempering treatment. These irons were then tested their high-cycle fatigue strength.
Reaserch results showed that the fatigue propreties of ADIs were mainly affected by toughness. These results correlated with the amounts and distribution of residual austenite and the types of ferrite in the matrix of ADIs. In addition, for getting high fatigue strength, the desired nodular counts should depend on 1) the amount of alloys added in ductile irons; 2) the mechanical properties desired: maximum toughness or optimum strength and hardness. Ductile irons with high nodularity resulted in high fatigue strength.
The fatigue fractures of ADIs observed showed that the sources for primary crack mostly initiated at 1) spherical graphite on the surface of specimen; 2) largest eutectic cell which retained high fraction of austenit near the surface of specimen; 3) largespherical graphite or irregular (or deteriated) graphite located on subsurface of specimen. The path for the crack growth are characterized by 1) along the shortest path between spherical graphites; 2) the boundaries of prior austenite; 3) the ausferrite subgrain. These characterized crack growths may interact and finally fractured the specimen.